A. Regardless of whether any consumer items (in contrast to healthcare units, for example hearing aids) have zinc-air button cell or coin batteries, and no matter whether these merchandise should be necessary to satisfy the general performance needs for battery compartments on customer items.

at 324. The court docket described that “an upwind condition can `lead' to downwind nonattainment whether or not its emissions aren't the but-for cause.” Id.

We evaluated the SIP submissions based upon the deserves of your arguments place ahead in Just about every SIP submission, which involved any Investigation set ahead by states to assist their conclusions. As a result, we disagree with commenters who allege the Agency has dismissed the data supplied by the states within their submissions. In truth, the record for this action reflects our comprehensive analysis of states' air good quality and contribution analyses. See

Beneath, we handle intimately two sizeable areas wherein the former UL 4200A-2020 fell wanting Reese's Regulation's specifications, but which the latest revisions into the regular—as we interpret them—do deal with adequately.

The EPA recognizes that nationwide, mobile resources depict a considerable portion of ozone-precursor emissions and, as such, will be expected to have a big influence on nonattainment and upkeep receptors. The EPA has actually been regulating cellular source emissions because it was recognized being a Federal company in 1970 which is devoted to continuing the efficient implementation and enforcement of latest mobile resource emissions expectations and evaluating the need For extra standards.[328] The EPA believes that the NOX reductions from its Federal applications are a vital basis for the historical and lengthy-working trend of improving air high quality in the United States. The development will help describe why the general range of receptors and severity of ozone nonattainment issues under the 1997 and 2008 ozone NAAQS have declined. Because of this lengthy background, NOX emissions from onroad and nonroad cellular resources have significantly lowered and therefore are predicted to carry on to lessen into the long run as more recent automobiles and engines which have been subject matter for the More moderen and more stringent standards exchange more mature vehicles and engines.

In truth, inside the interstate transportation context, This might cause an anomalous outcome. For instance, the D.C. Circuit rejected an argument produced by Delaware towards the CSAPR Update air top quality Evaluation the EPA was restricted to examining air top quality circumstances in 2011 (as an alternative to 2017) at the time with the statutory deadline for SIP submittals. The court docket discussed, Delaware's argument leans also greatly on the SIP submission deadline. SIP submission deadlines, unlike attainment deadlines, are “procedural” and thus not “central towards the regulatory plan.” Sierra Club,

12 ppb of contribution to downwind receptors; even so, the Point out recommended that uncertainty a result of modeling “sounds” was as well fantastic to possibly call for emissions reductions or demonstrate that Michigan experienced any linkages to receptors whatsoever. See

not by point out); and Offshore—put together emissions from offshore marine vessels and offshore drilling platforms in the modeling domain.

As a result, the EPA has created a further upkeep-only receptor classification, which includes what we consult with as “violating keep track of” receptors, determined by recent ozone concentrations measured by regulatory ambient air high quality checking sites. Specially, the EPA has recognized checking websites with measured 2021 and preliminary 2022 style values and

Even further, as explained Formerly With this segment, the EPA identifies sure monitoring websites as 88FED “violating monitor” routine maintenance-only receptors according to 2021 and 2022 measured ozone ranges. The monitoring sites that the Company tasks to generally be nonattainment and servicing receptors for the ozone NAAQS during the 2023 foundation case are used for evaluating the contribution of emissions in upwind states to downwind nonattainment and routine maintenance with the 2015 ozone NAAQS as aspect of this remaining action.

which held the EPA as well as states should align great neighbor obligations towards the extent feasible With all the downwind places' attainment dates. They are established from the statute and continue being set regardless of whether downwind regions are delayed in employing their own obligations. It might be unworkable to be expecting that upwind states' obligations may be correctly aligned with each downwind space's true timetable for applying the relevant emissions controls, and no court docket has held that this is the EPA's or perhaps the states' obligation under the superior neighbor provision.

In reaction to responses, the EPA as opposed the projected 2023 structure values based on the proposal modeling to the latest trends in measured knowledge. Because of this analysis, the EPA agrees that existing information indicate there are monitoring web sites at risk of continued nonattainment in 2023 Though the product projected common and utmost design values at these web pages are beneath the NAAQS ( i.e.,

572 U.S. at 508-ten. Nevertheless, all over the full background from the EPA's steps to put into action the good neighbor provision for ozone, starting up Along with the 1998 NOX SIP Simply call, We've got continually adopted the same tactic at Move 3 that evaluates emissions reduction possibilities for linked states implementing a multifactor Investigation. States could have executed the same Evaluation of emissions Management chances. The EPA hasn't directed states that they have to conduct a Action three Examination in precisely the way the EPA has completed in its prior regional transportation rulemakings; nonetheless, SIPs addressing the obligations in CAA portion one hundred ten(a)(two)(D)(i)(I) will have to prohibit “any resource or other form of emissions exercise throughout the Condition” from emitting air pollutants that can contribute noticeably to downwind air top quality complications.

These reviews mischaracterize the content material along with the EPA's software of August 2018 memorandum. More, the EPA disputes the EPA misled states or the EPA has not appropriately reviewed SIP submissions from states that tried to trust in another contribution threshold at Move two.